2.6.2. Spatial equilibrium assessment using the Gini coefficient To evaluate the spatial equilibrium of solar energy development and water resource pressure, the Gini coefficient was applied, derived from the suitability assessment results and WRP index data.
Crossplot of solar energy development suitability and water resources pressure (WRP) for CSP generation. The pixels with deeper red but lighter blue indicate high suitability as well as high water resource pressure, highlighting areas with an obvious water-energy conflict.
We also provide the map of each indicator's suitability score in Fig. 4 for reference. Notably, terrain slope (SLP) and land use and land cover (LUCC) exhibit general suitability for solar energy development across the entire study area.
The proposed “Water-Electricity-Road” network framework addresses water scarcity and infrastructure accessibility, thereby optimizing solar energy utilization in desert regions. These insights offer valuable guidance for sustainable solar energy planning in arid regions globally. 1. Introduction
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