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Firstly, in terms of energy equipment, the electrical component characteristics of the 5 G base station's constituent units are modeled, including air conditioning loads, power supply systems, and energy storage systems.
1) For energy equipment, the power component characteristic constraints of the 5 G base station units, including the air conditioning load characteristic constraints ((1), (2), (3)), power system characteristic constraints (Eq. (4)), and energy storage system characteristic constraints ((5), (6), (7), (8)).
References (Israr et al., 2022, Prasad et al., 2017) indicate that the energy consumption of 5 G base stations is related to the number of communication users and services within the coverage area of the base station, and they use dynamic energy consumption coefficients to represent this relationship.
Reference (Hui et al., 2020) constructs a demand response model for 5 G communication base stations based on mobile user access control and introduces a heuristic algorithm that decomposes the original demand response problem into two sub-problems, yielding a locally optimal solution.