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Although the initial investment cost is large, national policies such as tax preferences greatly mitigate the upfront costs, and the green environmental attributes of PV power generation will provide additional income for the project. The NPV of the project will turn from negative to positive over time.
PV is extensively used, Liu et al. (2022a) proposed that an integrated system of rooftop PV and electric vehicles has a higher PV utilization rate than a pure PV system, promoting the integration of PV with multiple industries.
Chinese subsidy policies for the PV industry mainly include two types of policies, fiscal subsidies, and tariff subsidies (Chen and Wang, 2022; Shao and Fang, 2021), as shown in Table 2, which have been continuously adjusted since 2019 (National Development and Reform Commission, 2019).
The revenue of rooftop DPVG projects depends on the annual electricity generation and tariff, where Peij is the contracted tariff (without subsidies) for self-consumption corresponding to rooftop PV customers and Pg is the green power trading price, so its generation revenue is as follows.