Denmark also lacks specific protocols for Lithium-ion battery fire and explosion testing, e.g., UL 9540A, which is a benchmark test recommended in many other countries. Danish guidelines may furthermore provide more clarification on when and which suppression systems should be installed, depending on BESS design parameters.
While Denmark emphasizes collaboration with fire services, there is a lack of clear tactics and water management strategies, a gap covered by countries like Sweden and Australia. Some of the identified knowledge gaps include limited understanding of explosion prevention and fire suppression in large-scale BESS settings.
For indoor BESS installations over 600 kWh, DK2 recommends installing ventilation. Ventilation is advised as well for outdoor BESS in containers. When it comes to battery storage, ventilation is recommended if the storage capacity is over 1200 kWh at 100% SOC or over 2400 kWh at 50% SOC.
DK1 prescribes fire protection measures which must be considered as a superstructure of the building regulations. The building regulations must be met but sometimes supplemented with extra measures given in DK1. The strictest requirements given by different regulations must be followed.
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