(1) Energy-saving reward: after choosing a shallower sleep strategy for a base station, the system may save more energy if a deeper sleep mode can be chosen, and in this paper, the standardized energy-saving metrics are defined as (18) R i e = E S M = 0 E S M = i E S M = 0 E S M = 3
The goal of this paper is to find a base station sleep strategy in UDN systems that reduces the total system energy consumption while being able to guarantee QoS.
Using this technique, the energy consumption of a base station can be reduced by turning off energy-intensive devices inside the base station, or by turning off the entire base station and keeping only the sensing module to wake up the base station.
Reference (Hui et al., 2020) constructs a demand response model for 5 G communication base stations based on mobile user access control and introduces a heuristic algorithm that decomposes the original demand response problem into two sub-problems, yielding a locally optimal solution.
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